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Joan Miró Ferra
(Apr. 20, 1893, Barcelona - Dec. 25,1983, Palma de Mallorca) Spanish Oil Painting Artist Biography.
Joan Miró started drawing classes at the age of seven, Joan Miró at the age of 14, yielding to his parents insistence to receive a decent profession took business classes, went to business school in Barcelona and also attended La Lonja’s Escuela Superior de Artes Industriales y Bellas Artes in the same city. Upon completing three years studies, he took a position as a clerk. After suffering a nervous breakdown, he abandoned business and resumed his art studies, attending art school in Barcelona from 1912 to 1915. Miro received early encouragement from the dealer José Dalmau, who gave him his first solo show at his gallery in Barcelona in 1918 at the age of 25. In his works of 1913-17 the most important are the influences of Paul Cezanne and the Fauvists, objects are close to each other and shine with bright and broken colors, striped patterns make up a kind of decorative ornament. In 1917, he met the artist Francis Picaba.
In 1920, Miró made his first trip to Paris, where he met Pablo Picasso. From this time, Miró divided his time between Paris and Montroig in Spain. In Paris, he associated with the poets and participated in Dada activities. Dalmau organized Miró’s first solo show in Paris in 1921. His work was included in the Salon d’Automne of 1923. In 1924, Miró joined the Surrealist group. His solo show at the Galerie Pierre, Paris, in 1925 was a major Surrealist event. As time progresses, Miró’s pictures become increasingly abstract and his forms more organic. By the end of the 1920s Miró’s vocabulary of pictorial idioms is formed, an eye and ear, a human figure with enormous feet, Person Throwing a Stone at a Bird (1926). He visited the Netherlands in 1928 and began a series of oil paintings inspired by the Dutch masters. In 1929, he started his experiments in lithography and his first etchings.
In the 1930s the artist experimented with different materials. He made assemblages from materials and objects that he found; he painted, drew and collaged on paper, masonite, sandpaper and copper. In 1932-36 he created a series of oil paintings after his sketches-collages. Cut out of catalogues and magazines, machines and everyday objects, he arranged and glued them onto the paper, those collages were used for future oil paintings. In his artistic compositions all those parts and blocks turned into organic mildly shaped forms, which remind us of animal organs, human limbs and embryos, paintrd in bright colors, these works represent some of Miró’s most abstract works, Painting (1933).
In 1936, Miró left Spain because of the civil war, he returned in 1941. Also in 1936, Miró was included in the exhibitions Cubism and Abstract Art and Fantastic Art, Dada, Surrealism at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. The following year, he was commissioned to create a monumental work for the Paris World’s Fair. Miró’s first major museum retrospective was held at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, in 1941.
He was also a modest man. In spite of international recognition, his financial situation was tense. He dreamed of a large studio where he could fulfill the numerous art projects and ideas that he collected in his little notebook. After World War II his time had finally come. His first trip to the USA pushed his popularity and the market value of his art work. And the modest little man pushed the galleries to give him a fairer share out of the sales. In a letter to gallery owners he wrote: "What I will no longer accept is the mediocre life of a modest little gentleman." In 1956 Miro could finally move into the villa of his dreams. He received the Grand Prize for Graphic Work at the Venice Biennale and his work was included in the first Documenta exhibition in Kassel the following year. In 1958, Miró was given a Guggenheim International Award for murals for the new UNESCO building in Paris. The following year, he resumed oil painting, initiating a series of mural-sized oil canvases. During the 1960s, he began to work intensively in sculpture. Miró retrospectives took place at the Musée National d’Art Moderne, Paris, in 1962, and the Grand Palais, Paris, in 1974. His influence became immense, especially in New York, where his ideas were absorbed and transcended by Gorky and Jackson Pollock and Motherwell.
In 1975 the Fundació Joan Miró was opened in Centre d’Estudis d’Art Contemporani, Barcelona. In 1992 the artist's studio in Palma de Majorca was turned into his museum. Miró produced a massive output. He left at least 2,000 oil paintings. He had an immense influence on post-war art. As well as being represented in every important art museum worldwide, he had numerous large public commissions and his works can be seen in public places in many major world cities. His surrealist art works, with their subject matter drawn from the realm of memory and imaginative fantasy, are some of the most original works of art of the 20th century, making him one of the worlds artists.
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Portrait of V. Nubiola
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Ciurana the Path
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Person Throwing a Stone at a Bird
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Painting
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