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Claude Oscar Monet
(Nov.14, 1840 Paris - Dec. 5, 1926 Giverny) French Oil Painting Artist Biography.
Claude Oscar Monet is regarded as the true Impressionist in that his devotion to the ideals of the movement was unwavering throughout his long career. The term Impressionism derives from his oil painting Impression: Sunrise. A title was needed in a hurry for the catalogue of the exhibition in 1874. Monet suggested simply Impression and the catalog editor, Pierre Auguste Renoir's brother Edouard, added an explanatory Sunrise. Claude Monet did not know, that because of criticism of the first word, he had given an entire art movement its name: Impressionism.
His youth was spent in Le Havre, where he first excelled as a caricaturist but was then converted to landscape oil painting by his early mentor Boudin, from whom he derived his zest for painting out doors, "By the single example of this painter devoted to his art with such independence, my destiny as a painter opened out to me." In 1859 he studied in Paris at the Atelier Suisse and formed a friendship with Camille Pissarro. After two years military service in Algiers, he returned to Le Havre and met Jongkind, to whom he said he owed "the definitive education of my eye". In 1862, entered the art studio of Gleyre in Paris and there met Pierre Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, and Bazille, with whom he was to form the nucleus of the Impressionist group. Monet's devotion to painting out doors is illustrated by the famous story concerning one of his most ambitious early works, Women in the Garden (1866, Musee d' Orsay, Paris). The painting is about 2.5 meters high and to enable him to paint all of it outside he had a trench dug in the garden so the canvas could be raised or lowered by pulleys to the desired height. Courbet visited him when he was working on it and said Monet would not paint even the leaves in the background unless the lighting conditions were exactly right.
During the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1) Monet took refuge in England with Pissarro, there he studied the work of John Constable and J.M. William Turner, painted the Thames and London parks and met the dealer Durand-Ruel, who was to become one of the great champions of the Impressionists. From 1871 to 1878 he lived at Argenteuil near Paris and here were painted some of the most joyous and famous art works of the Impressionist movement, not only by Monet, but by his visitors Edouard Manet, Renoir and Sisley. In 1883 he settled at Giverny, on the Seine about 40 miles from Paris.
After having experienced extreme poverty, Monet began to prosper. By 1890 he was successful enough to buy the house at Giverny he was previously renting and in 1892 he married his mistress, with whom he had begun an affair in 1876, three years before the death of his first wife. From 1890's he concentrated on a series of oil paintings in which he painted the same subject at different times of the day in different lights, Haystacks (Wheatstacks) (1890), Rouen Cathedral (1895) and House of Parliament are the best known. He continued to travel widely, visiting London and Venice several times and also Norway as a guest of Queen Christiana, but increasingly his attention was focused on the celebrated water-garden he created at Giverny, which served as the theme for a series of landscape oil paintings on water lilies, that began in 1899 and grew to dominate his artwork completely. In 1914 he had a special studio built on the grounds of his house so he could work on the huge canvases. In his final years he was troubled by failing eyesight, but he painted until the end, completing a great decorative scheme of water-lily oil paintings that he donated to the nation in the year of his death. They were installed in the Orangerie in Paris in 1927. Monet was enormously prolific and all the worlds major art museum galleries have examples of his work. Claude Oscar Monet is generally considered to be the most outstanding figure among Impressionists, thus becoming one of the worlds artist.
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Poppies, Near Argenteuil
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The Artist's Garden at Giverny
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Rouen Cathedral
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Haystacks (Wheatstacks)
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Water lilies, Green Reflection
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